搪瓷茶缸
The Enamel Mug
万全
Wan Quan
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
每走进百货公司，看到那些洁白的、柔和的、米黄色的和彩色诱惑的搪瓷茶缸，总感到一种愉快。
Whenever I visit a department store, I always take delight in seeing the enamel mugs which, pure white or creamy, are graceful in pattern and color.
要素：
1，看到非常愉快译为take delight in seeing使得句式愈加简洁。
2，积累颜色方面的词语。
上中学的时候，因为少女的洁癖，喜欢用白色的搪瓷器皿。记得那时候要买一只瑞典货的纯白大茶缸，要花五块多银元，得进惠罗公司之类外国铺子。一九三九 年在重庆，某商店从滇缅路运进去一批搪瓷茶缸，价钱当然比战前更贵。我凑足了钱，托朋友进城捎了一只；我的朋友或许过于紧张，一出商店门就将茶缸掉在地 上，摔脱了一块瓷。
In my middle school days, I preferred to use white enamelware because, like most young girls, I was very particular about cleanliness. In those days, I remember, a Swede-made pure white mug would cosplayt five silver dollars, and it was obtainable only at a foreign firm. In 1939, a certain store in Chongqing offered for sale, at a price of course higher than in prewar days, a stock of enamel mugs they had laid in through the Yunnan-Burma highway. With the money I had raised. I asked a friend leaving for town to buy an enamel mug for me. Unfortunately, probably due to nervousness, he dropped it onto the ground the moment he stepped out of the store and had it chipped.
要素：
1，洁癖本意是指过分讲究清洗的怪癖，这里只不过讲作者特别喜好清洗，因此意译为was very particular about cleanliness，其中particular 也可换为fastidious。
2,瑞典货的即瑞典出产的，译为Swede-made，Swede意为瑞典人。
3，从滇缅路运进去一批搪瓷茶缸译为a stock of enamel mugs they had laid in through the Yunnan-Burma highway.had laid in 意为存储，to lay in a stock of 作进一批货。
4，过于紧张译为nervousness,也可按过分小心译为over cautiousness。
5,摔脱了一块瓷即便杯子缺了一块，用have sth done的形式，chip译为打破，弄缺。
综述：注意本段译者对于句式的转换，如得进惠罗公司之类外国铺子转为只有在外国商铺才能得到，没译惠罗公司也是为了照顾读者的理解。
将来，我携带这只有疤痕的茶缸进了抗日依据地。它的作用倒意料之外地多起来了喝水、盛饭、热菜，给生病的同志煮粥，必要时还可以代行面盆、浴缸的职能。从此，茶缸和我有了进一步的战斗友情。
Afterwards I went to the anti-Japanese base area carrying with me the enamel mug with a chip in it. Unexpectedly, over there it turned out to be a multipurpose utensil. It was used for carrying water or cooked rice, for heating up food, cooking congee for sick comrade, and when necessary, as a substitute for a basin or bathtub. Thenceforth, the militant friendship between it and me became even more profound.
要素：
1，有疤痕的茶缸译为the enamel mug with a chip in it，此处chip意为缺口，与前文的have it chipped相照应，也可译为the enamel mug with a scar或the scarred mug。
2,代行的职能即取代，代替，译为 as a substitute for
3,茶缸和我有了进一步的战斗友情即茶缸和我的战斗友情进一步加深译为the militant friendship between it and me became even more profound。
一九四六年来到北平。非常想买一只新的茶缸，代替那只为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸。可是当时的北平还不容易买到这玩意。有一次，在东单小市上，在一个只有几件售品的地摊上，我发现了 一只纯白的瑞典茶缸。这正是我所需要的。可是地摊女主人的索价超越我的购买力。我期望她减少价格，她竟眼泪盈眶；这个时候我才发现她是一个常识分子模样的年轻人妇女。她讲解说家人等钱吃药，所卖的是自己家用的东西。我立刻尽我所有付了价款。她劝说我再买一件什么，我虽然心情沉重，非常想帮她的忙，但也实在没钱了。将来，离开了北平，这只茶缸又伴随我历程知道放战争中的几年，而且，它常常使我明确地回忆起那位年轻人妇女的含泪的眼神在穷困与内战中历程着痛苦的北平人民的眼神。
In 1946, when I came to Peiping, I was eager to buy a new enamel mug to replace the old one which had given me years of devoted service. But a new one was hard to come by in the then Peiping. Once, while roaming about a small market in Dongdan, I came across a pure white Swedish enamel mug at a roadside stall displaying only a handful of articles for sale. That was just what I needed. But the price asked by the woman owner of the stall was too high for me. When I bargained, I noticed tears brimming in her eyes. And then I also realized that she was sort of an educated young woman. She said what she had for sale was her personal belongings because she was badly in need of money to pay for the medical care of someone at home. Thereupon, I gave her all the money I had with me for the mug. She hoped that I would buy one more article from her. But, sympathetic as I was with her, I couldnt buy anything else because I really had no money left in my pocket. Later, after leaving Peiping, I went through several years of the War of Liberation in company with the mug which often reminded me vividly of the tearful eyes of the young woman tearful eyes typical of the common people of Peiping in the throes of hunger and civil war.
要素：
1，为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸译为the old one which had given me years of devoted service，其中years of 是增益成分，虽无其词而有其意。鞠躬尽瘁的说法也有不少，如：devote oneself entirely to ...; devote one's life to ...; give oneself entirely to public duties; spare no effort in the performance of one's duty。
2，当时的北平还不容易买到这玩意译为But a new one was hard to come by in the then Peiping，come by 意为得到，弄到用以表达原文的买到。
3，索价超越我的购买力即女摊主出的价钱对我来讲太高了译为But the price asked by the woman owner of the stall was too high for me.
4，我才发现她是一个常识分子模样的年轻人妇女 译为then I also realized that she was sort of an educated young woman. sort of 意为有几分，有那样点，近似。
5，我立刻尽我所有付了价款即我立刻用身上所有些钱买下了这个杯子译为Thereupon, I gave her all the money I had with me for the mug。
6，在穷困与内战中历程着痛苦的译为in the throes of hunger and civil war其中in the throes of ,意为经受的痛苦。
综述：以上什么时间都非常有借鉴价值，拿起本本来。
一九四九又进入城市。我的老公以他的全部零用钱买了一只米黄色茶缸赠我，作为胜利的纪念品。这一只不过美国货，当时百货店的人说：这种米色搪瓷只有美国 货。可惜，它对于我并无关紧要了。一由来为年岁增加，已经失去对于某些生活小节的执着；二来和平的城市日常，茶缸的作用已经回复正常。可是，到今天我碰到各种搪瓷茶缸，仍不免要看它们一眼。由于象瑞典货一样纯白的也好，只有美国货的米黄色的也好，都已经是大家中国的出品了；而且品种花色常在增加，价钱也实惠得多了。
In 1949, I again came to live in Peiping. My husband used all his pocket money to buy me a creamy mug in commemoration of the victory of the War of Liberation. It was of US make. All creamy ones are US products, declared the salesman. But the mug isnt so important to me now because firstly, at my age, Im no longer so particular about trivial matters in my personal life, and secondly it has resumed its normal uses in peaceful urban life. Nevertheless, up to now, whenever I come across enamel mugs of any kind, I still cannot help taking a look at them. Its because both pure white Swede-made and creamy US-made mugs have now given way in the market to Chinese products of ever increasing variety of colors and designs and much lower prices.
当年东单地摊上那位出卖了自用茶缸的主妇，想来早已添置了国内自制的新的茶缸吧。
The woman owner of the roadside stall at Dongdan who sold me her personal mug must have long ago bought a new one of Chinese make for her own use.
要素：
1，年岁增加即到了我这个年龄，译为at my age。
2，象瑞典货一样纯白的也好，只有美国货的米黄色的也好理解为瑞典出产的纯白马克杯和美国产的米黄色的马克杯译为both pure white Swede-made and creamy US-made mugs。
3，都已经是大家中国的出品了按都被国货代替了译为have now given way in the market to Chinese products，give way to 意为让坐落于。
4，of ever increasing variety of colors and designs and much lower prices.
其中of后面是同位语，表products 的属性，特征，用介词，句子愈加简洁。
综述：最后几段，篇幅不短，主应该注意说法的转换，与最后介词的使用方法~实践证明，多做这种说法转换的训练对于英译汉和汉译英都是非常有好处的。
