A can与 be able
1 shall/will be able是唯一的以后时形式:
Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.
大家的孩子再过几个星期就能走路了。
2 can和be able都可用于目前时,can则更常用些:
Can you/Are you able to type?
你会打字吗?
I can't pay you today.Can you wait till tomorrow?
今天我不可以付你钱。你可以等到明天吗?
Could you wait?
你能等候吗?(参见下面B2。)
3 在目前完成时中,需要用be able形式:
Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house.
自从他遇见意料之外将来,他一直没能外出。
B could
1 如存在着条件的意思,could可以用来表示目前时的意义:
Could you run the business by yourself?
你能自己管理这企业吗?(假如必要的话)
Could he get another job?
他能找到另一份工作吗?(假如他辞掉这份工作的话)
I could get you a copy.
我可以给你弄到一本。(假如你想要的话)
在头两个例句中could可以用would be able替代。
2 could you?是一种非常好的表示请求的方法。它跟 would you?
可以替换用,但比后者更有礼貌些:
Could you show me the way/lend me£5/wait half an hour?
你能给我指一下路/借我五英镑/等半小时吗?
Could you please send me an application1 form?
你能否寄给我一份申请表?
couldn't you?也是非常有用的:
Householder:Could you come and mend a leak2 in a pipe3?
房主:你能否来维修一下管道?
Plumber:Would sometime4 next month suit you?
管道工:你看下个月什么时间适合吗?
Householder:Couldn't you come a little earlier?
房主:你是不是能提前一些日子来?
C could和was/were able用于表示过去的能力
1 只表示普通的能力时,两者都可用:
When I was young I could/was able to climb any tree in the forest.
我年轻的时候,林子里的什么树我都能爬。
2 表示能力+特定行为时,要用 was/were able:
Although the pilot was badly hurt he was able to explain what had hap5- pened.
飞行员的伤势虽然非常重,但他还可以讲解发生的所有。(他可以而且的确作知道释。)
The boat capsized quite near the bank so the children were able to swim to safety.
船是在离岸非常近处翻的,因此,那些孩子可以游到安全的地方。(他们可以也的确游到安全的地方。)
但,这一规则用于否定句中表示未能发生的事时或与表示感觉的动词连用时,就不那样严格了:
He read the message but he couldn't/wasn't able to understand it.
他读了那张纸条,但却不懂的意思是。
I could/was able to see him through the window.
我透过窗户能看见他。
D 过去完成式是 had been able:
He said he had lost his passport6 and hadn't been able to leave the country.
他说他丢了护照因而离不开这个国家。(有关could在间接引语中的使用方法,参见第312节。)