Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot andthe lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and putout the fire. Jenna panicked.
上面的内容摘自2021年新高考考试英语的全国卷I的读后续写材料。
这里的panicked 是 panic的过去式。查词典 panic 的过去式、过去分词和目前分词分别为：panicked—panicked—panicking。
请问这里为何要添加一个字母k再加ed和ing呢？这有哪些规律吗？
panic 的过去式、过去分词和目前分词为何先加字母k
panic 的过去式、过去分词和目前分词之所以变成panicked—panicked—panicking，要加上字母k，主如果为了防止发音发生变化，原形中的字母 c 读/k/，假如panic的过去式、过去分词和目前分词不加k，则变成 paniced—paniced—panicing，依据英语的读音规则，则或许会将字母c误读作/s/。例句如：
Ashley went blue and I panicked. 阿什利脸色发紫，我吓坏了。
People panicked and started hoarding food. 大家惶恐不安，开始贮藏食物。
The civilians panicked when they realized they wereunder fire. 平民们意识到他们遭到枪击时惊慌失措。
The security men panicked as angry fans chargedtowards them. 愤怒的球迷冲向他们时，保安职员陷入惊慌之中。
Sara panicked in the exam and didn’t do herselfjustice. 萨拉在考试中因为紧张未能充分发挥我们的水平。
Organized crime is involved in drug trafficking. 犯罪集团介入了贩毒活动。
People gathered around him and a lot were panicking. 大家聚集在他的周围，很多人惊慌失措。
类似的还有用作动词的 traffic：
traffic 的过去式、过去分词和目前分词也要加k，即变成 trafficked—trafficked—trafficking。作动词的 traffic 意思是“做非法交易，进行非法买卖（如交易毒品、武器等）”。如：
He was accused of trafficking in stolen works of art.他被控交易偷窃艺术品。
He was tried and convicted for trafficking in illegaldrugs. 他因为贩卖毒品而被判有罪。
Eight years of effort have hardly put a dent in drugtrafficking. 八年的努力并未降低贩毒活动。
We consider drug trafficking to be a menace to thesecurity of our nation. 大家把贩毒视为对国家安全的一个祸害。
