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法律英语|法律英语语言的基本特征

来源:www.nb1888.com 2025-01-20
法律英语是一种比较特殊的英语文体,有其自己的特征,它在词汇、词义、专业用语与表达方法等方面有别于普通英语。依据我的学习与研究领会,法律英语语言具备以下几个基本特征: 1. 用词比较准确。这一点在英语介词的用法上体现得尤为明显。不一样的介词表示不一样的意义,不可像在平时英语中随便用,不然或许会引起法律纠纷。 2. 用词比较正式、拘谨。譬如,不需要before而用prior,不需要but而用provided that,不需要after而用sequent,不需要tell而用advise,不需要begin或start而用commence,不需要use而用employ,不需要according to而用in accordance with,不需要show而用demonstrate,等等。 3. 很多用外来词汇,尤其是拉丁词汇。譬如,de facto(事实上的),in re(关于),inter alia(除去别的原因以外;特别),alibi(不在犯罪现场),bona fide(真的的,真诚的),quasi(仿佛;准),per se(自己), ad hoc(专门的;专门地),等等。 4. 用具备不认可义的常用词。譬如,action(诉讼),avoid(取消),consideration(对价),execute(签署),prejudice(损害),save(除去,除外),serve(送达),said(上述,该),minor(未成年)或major(已成年),instrument(法律文件),等等。 5. 常常用古英语和中古英语。古英语(Old English)是公元约1100年以前的英语,中古英语(Middle English)则是公元约1100年至1500年间的英语。这一点主要体目前很多用以here, there和where与介词合成的词,譬如,hereafter,herein,hereunder,hereafter,thereto,whereby,wherein,等等。 6. 用法律术语和行话、套话。譬如,burden of proof(举证责任),cause of action(案由),letters patent(专利证书),negotiable instrument(流通票据),reasonable doubt(适当的怀疑),contributory negligence(与有过失),等等。 7. 有意用模糊语言。这主要用于不愿一定地表示自己立场与看法、表示礼貌和对别人的尊重等状况。


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