动词不规则变化是英语学习中很基础的常识内容,也是尤为重要的内容。它涉及的的语法点包含时态、语态、非谓语动词等,是大家写对英语句子的根基。假如你还不太知道的话,假如你也有兴趣的话,今天就跟着大家一块儿看看吧!
英语中有很多不规则动词,它们不可以简单通过加ed来获得过去式。
★记忆法1、容易见到93个不规则动词的变化规律总结如下:
1、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
cosplayt—cosplayt—cosplayt
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
2、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。
1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。
bring—brought—brought
buy— bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,仅需把d变为t。
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4 把-eep变为-ept。
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5 把-ell变为-old。
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9 改变元音字母。
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10 改变辅音字母。
make—made—made
11 改变元、辅音字母。
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have— had—had
understand—understood—understood
3、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。
1 i—a—u变化。
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将它变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown
3 词尾为“i+辅+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4 过去分词在过去式后加n。
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加n构成。
be—was—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将它变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
4、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。
beat—beat—beaten
5、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
6、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没过去分词。
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★记忆法2、它们不是凌乱不堪的,可依据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。
1、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cosplayt/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
2、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
3、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come;become/became/become;run/ran/run
4、 过去式,过去分词相同:
去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met;feed/fed/fed
去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt;sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept;sweep/swept/swept
词尾为的ll,去掉一个l加t;
spell/spelt/spelt;smell/smelt/smelt;spill/spilt/spilt
过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught;teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought;think/thought/thought
将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood;understand/understood/understood
将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid;pay/paid/paid;say/said/said
将d改为t
lend/lent/lent;send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent;build/built/built
将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat;spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug;win/won/won
将ell改为old
tell/told/told;sell/sold/sold
词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt;mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt;spoil/spoilt/spoilt
有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt;learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone;shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung;hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt;smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt;burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit;light/lighted/lighted
其它
have/had/had;hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot;lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held;get/got/got
find/found/found;make/made/made
leave/left/left
5、三者均不同:
过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown;fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown;know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed;draw/drew/drawn
改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun;drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung;sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum;sink/sank/sunk
改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven;write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen;ride/rode/ridden
原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven;rise/rose/risen;eat/ate/eaten
give/gave/given;fall/fell/fallen
过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken;choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen;mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen;speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken;wake/woke/woken
其它
be/was或were/been;do/did/done;forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone;hide/hid/hidden;see/saw/seen; wear/wore/worn
6、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken;wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken
7、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀;shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂;hanged/hanged绞死
8、两个既能够做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie 躺卧 lay/lain/lying
lay 放,下蛋 laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现 find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
9、依据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
词义相对:
come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去
give/gave/given给——get/got/got获得
sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken
或wake/waked/waked 醒来
rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen降低、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, 下沉
buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold供应, 卖
take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来
teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、掌握
lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won取得、胜
stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
词义相近:
beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败;win/won/won取得、获胜
understand/understood/understood 懂, 知道
know/knew/known 了解, 知道, 认识
get/got/got变成、成为、变得
become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
spend/spent/spent 花费、度过
pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳
cosplayt/cosplayt/cosplayt花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、判定
talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
★记忆法3、
1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cosplayt→cosplayt, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank
i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,
i→ou: find→found
a→oo: take→took, shake→shook
e→o: get→got, forget→forgot
o→a: come→came, become→became
oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold
say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid
sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept
bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought
catch→caught, teach→taught
can→could, will→would, shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent
make→made, have→had, hear→heard
mean→meant, learn→learnt
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