But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ___________ to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
A. permitted B. to be permitted C. to have been permitted
老师,你好。
请问这个题答案是不是唯一?
假如唯一,答案是什么,为何?
假如不唯一,可选什么,的不同之处?最常见的是什么?
请老师指点迷津。
一般而言,过去分词短语和被动不定式都可以做名词的后置定语,二者的一同点是都表示被动,不同是过去分词表示的动作是在谓语动作之前已经发生过的,而不定式的动作是在谓语动作之后才会发生的以后动作。比如:
The house built last year collapsed during the earthquake.
The house to be built is designed by a famous architect.
但,在 somobody was the first/second/last man/woman/person etc. to do sth. 结构中,序数词的使不定式带有了完成体的意义,即不定式的动作是was时间之前发生的动作。此时被动不定式to be done 的 to be 有时被省略,从形式上看就像是过去分词短语作定语。
这样的情况像want sth to be done结构中,want的语义决定了不定式的动作是谓语时间之后的以后动作,所以to be即便省略,过去分词的动作也不具备完成意义。所以want sth done中作宾补的过去分词,其实是被动不定式省略了to be.
be the first person+过去分词中的过去分词,其实也是to be done省略了to be.
通过COCA语料库查看, 某人是第一个被...的人这种意义中,to be done的用法频率远高于done. 比如:
Shewasthefirstwomanto be named division director. 不少如此的例句
Ferraro, the congresswoman from Queens,wasthefirstwomannominated for vice president by a major party. 少数如此的例句。
假如不定式表示主动意义,即某人是第一个做某事的人,不定式一般用to do形式表示完成体意义,假如改为定语从句,则从句的时态要用完成体。比如
Shewasthefirstwomanto run for Oregon governor.
= Shewasthefirstwomanwho/that hadrun for Oregon governor.
因为不定式的一般体形式to do本身就表示完成体的意义,用to have done就看上去过于正式,但语料库还是有少数用不定式完成体的例句,如:
Shewasthefirstwomantohave won that award as well, although several women have won it in the past in association with male partners.
但,假如不定式为被动意义to be done, 其完成体to have been done形式的例句在语料库是没的。
所以,网友的这个句子中,答案应该最佳选择B to be permitted (由于这个句型中不定式为最常见的结构),次选 A 过去分词(用频率不及被动不定式,但也是正确的)。C项 不定式完成被动式几乎是无人用的,因此为错误选项。