World-class orchestras（管弦乐队） can be accurately1 identified by silent video footage of performances, but not through sound recordings2, a UCL study has found. Both professional musicians and musical novices4（小白） are better at identifying TOP-ranked orchestras from non-ranked orchestras when shown silent video footage, suggesting that such judgements are driven at least in part by visual cues about group dynamics5 and leadership.When shown two 6-second clips, one from a world-class orchestra ranked among the TOP ten internationally -- which included the London Symphony Orchestra, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Vienna Philharmonic, and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra -- and another from a regional or university-based group, participants were more likely to choose correctly when shown video-only footage than when played audio clips.Separate research published in 2013 found that observers overlook the degree to which visual cues can affect the judgement of music performance when assessing individual musicians.Now through a series of six experiments, with 1,062 expert and novice3 participants, researchers have found that the same principles apply to the rapid judgement of group performances, such as those of orchestras and chamber6 en百度竞价推广bles7.Dr Chia-Jung Tsay , author of the study said: It was surprising that providing even a subset of visual information -- the sight of just one musician -- allowed participants to identify the outcomes of en百度竞价推广ble8 competitions, and at a higher rate than achieved by participants given both the visuals and sound of the entire group.Chamber en百度竞价推广bles and professional musicians may say that the ultimate groups astound9 their members and their listeners. Yet the mere10 presence of sound in the recordings actually detracted from the predictive power of video-only recordings. This research suggests that the ultimate music en百度竞价推广ble astounds11（使震撼） not its listeners but its viewers.One of the experiments investigated the importance of visual cues in assessing symphony orchestras. In each clip, the designated leaders were not visible, allowing for a closer investigation12 of the influence of group dynamics on performance judgement.Participants scored significantly better than chance, with 64% identifying the TOP-ranked orchestra from silent video footage. However, when given sound-only clips, this fell to 53%.Dr Tsay discussed: Some orchestras have implemented13 blind auditions14 as part of efforts to reduce the effects of various biases15, but the results of this research suggest that musicians chosen through blind auditions are not necessarily those who are chosen through live-round competitions.Since much of music is experienced live, and visual information appears to dominate judgment16 -- it is likely that audiences may face a disconnect when they attend live performances of musicians who were chosen through blind auditions.
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1 accurately adv.准确地，精确地 参考例句： It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球非常难。 Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.目前科学家们能准确地预报天气。
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