27. Money, Real and Counterfeit1（真币和伪币）
1. Without looking, tell me whose picture is on a one dollar bill. What about a five dollar bill? If you know
these, maybe you know the pictures on a ten, twenty or even a fifty dollar bill. If you're not sure, someone
could give you a phony bill with the wrong picture and you'd never know the difference.
1、在不看的状况下，告诉我在一USD钞票上是哪个的头像?五USD钞票呢?假如你了解这类的话，那你可能也了解十USD、二十USD甚至五十USD钞票上的像。假如你不可以确定的话，就大概当其他人给你一张印错头像的伪钞时，而你却不了解其中的差异。
2. Do you know where the pictures on money came from? In the early days people made payments by the
weight of their silver or gold.
2、你了解在钱上印人头像源于哪儿吗?在早期，大家通过他们的银子或金子的重量宋进行支付。
3. However, the ancient Greeks and Romans used coins of a definite value like our dime2 or quarter. At that time,
animals were pictured on the coins. You won't think that this is so unusual if you examine a nickel3 and see the buffalo4 on the back of it.
3、不过，古希腊人和古罗马人也用类似大家的一角硬币或二角五分硬币那样有确实价值的硬币。不过在那时，硬币上画着动物图案。假如你查询一个背面有牦牛像的五分镍币时，不要以为它非同一般。
4. A little later, though, the Greeks and Romans began to put pictures of famous people on their coins. It took
some time to develop a central money-making business. Because of this, people would sometimes put pictures of
their own ancestors on their coins. Even though this may have been confusing at times, it's easier than trading animals
for things that you need. Imagine receiving a cow as change for something you have just bought! It's much simpler to
carry a purse or a wallet than to exchange one thing for another.
4、然而不久将来，希腊和罗马人开始把名人像放在他们的硬币上。这使得打造和进步中央货币制造业颇费了一些时间。由于大家有时会把他们自己祖先的像放在我们的钱上。尽管如此做有时会引起迷惑，但这总比用动物来换取你想要的东西来得容易。设想一下，当你买了什么东西后，找回的零钱竟是一头母牛!带个钱包或皮夹外出看来比用一件东西换另一件要简单很多了。
5. The use of coins and money grew just as civilization advanced. As time passed, civilization became much more complicated.
Now a person works for a certain amount of money so that he can pay for food and clothing. He does not need to grow his own
food. We're in an age of specialization. We don't have time to make our own clothes and shoes, so money is a way of trading today.
5、硬币和货币的用法伴随人类文明的进化而进步。伴随时间的流逝，人类文明变得十分复杂。目前，人为了获得少量钱而工作，因而他可以买食物和衣服而无需自己种植食物。大家正处在一个专业化的年代。大家没时间去制造我们的衣服和鞋，因此货币成为当今买卖的需要方法。
6. When we use money today, however, the actual value of the coin itself does not equal its face value. For example, a
dime may not have ten cents' worth of silver in it. The paper in a dollar bill may not be worth a full dollar. Well, you might ask,
how is it worth anything? The answer is that money is like a medal. It's not the money itself, but what it stands for, that gives it its
value. An Olympic runner wins a medal. It is actually not worth very much, but it's the idea behind it that counts to him. It's like the
half dollar in your pocket. It's what it will buy that counts, not its actual weight.
6、但，当大家今天用货币的时候，硬币本身的实质价值并不等同其面值。举例，一角硬币里或许没价值十美分的银子。一USD钞票所用的纸也并不值整整一个USD。如此一来，你或许会问：那它是如何代表东西的价值的呢?答案是货币就像奖章，不是货币本身，而是它表示什么意思，这就是它价值的来源。一位奥林匹克长跑运动员获得了一枚奖章。奖章本身并不值多少钱，但，奖章所具备的意义却与运动员的价值相符。这所有就像一个沉掂掂的半USD硬币在你口袋里，它所代表的是它所能购买的东西，并不是其实质的重量。
7. Money making is much more complicated now than it has ever been. That's one reason why it's harder to get away with
making counterfeit money these days.
7、目前货币的制造比以往复杂得多。这也是为何目前更难制造伪钞是什么原因之一。
8. You might think that it would be easy to make a phony dollar bill. Many people have tried, but they haven't been
very good at it. There are some good reasons for this. First of all, the pictures on American bills are in the shape of an
oval5; so if you see a one-dollar bill with the picture of George Washington in a circle, you can be certain that it's not a
real bill. Check the eyes on the picture, too. The eyes on the picture of a real bill are sharp and clear; so there's another sign to watch for.
8、你或许会觉得制造假美钞比较容易。很多人做过尝试，但他们做得并不太好。当然这也有其适当的讲解。第一，美国钞票上的人像坐落于一个椭圆形之中。因此假如你看到一张一USD钞票上乔治华盛顿的图案在一个圆形中，你可以一定这不是一张真钞票。也可以检查人头像上的双眼。真钞票图案上的双眼锐利明确，因而这是另一个分辨真假的特点。
9. Some people say that a bank teller6 can spot a counterfeit bill just by feeling it. If there is reason to believe that a bill is
not real, there are other signs to us, though. It takes a close look, but if you check the treasury7 seal, you'll see that the points
on a counterfeit are not quite sharp enough. The serial8 numbers are a third giveaway. The type use by the United States government
cannot be purchased anywhere else. Since they're difficult to copy, the serial number should tip off a counterfeit bill.
9、某些人说银行出纳员可以仅凭感觉就能辨出伪钞。假如有理由相信这张钞票不是真的，那样对大家来讲一定还有其它分辨的特点。这需要近距离的察看：假如你检查钞票的财政官印章，你会发现假钞印章上的点子都不够锐利，序列号是第三个分辨的特点，美国政府制造序列号的机器种类，不可能在任何其他地方都买到。而序列号又很难复制，因此通过它可以检验出假钞。
10. Perhaps the most interesting part of the real bill is the border. The pattern of thin lines is made by a very special machine.
The design of thin lines is so complicated that it's almost impossible to match them. Those who try usually pause some of the lines
to run into each other, or else some of them blur9 or blot10.
10、或许真钞最有趣的部分是它的边沿。细线的模式由很特殊的机器制作。细线的设计是这样复杂以至几乎不可能找到与其一样的。所以那些假钞上的线一直因为被弄断而互相交错，或者其它某些线模糊或有污迹。
11. Now that you know some of the signs of a counterfeit bill, what about the pictures? Thomas Jefferson is on the two-dollar bill,
and Abraham Lincoln is shown on the five. If you're not sure of a ten-dollar bill, check the picture of Alexander Hamilton. For a twenty,
you should look for the picture of Andrew Jackson, and on a fifty-dollar bill, you'll see a picture of Ulysses Grant. You see, we're like the
Greeks and Romans when we put pictures of famous men on our money, too. Actually, it would be ridiculous to expect a counterfeiter11
to put the wrong picture on a bill.
11、目前你已经了解了伪钞的一些特点，那样关于人头像呢?托马斯杰弗逊的头像在两USD钞票上，亚伯拉罕林肯的头像在五USD钞票上。假如你不确定十USD钞票的头像是哪个；去看看亚历山大哈密尔顿的头像。在二十USD钞票上，你看到的是安德鲁杰克逊的头像。而在五十USD上，你将会看到尤利西斯格兰特的头像。你看，大家也像希腊人和罗马人样也把名人头像放到了大家的货币上。事实上，期望假币制造者把在钞票上印错头像是荒谬的。
12. Have you ever seen a counterfeit coin? If a coin feels greasy12, that's one of the first signs that it's not real.
You can probably hear a fake13 coin just by dropping it on a hard surface. A counterfeit will sound dull, while a real coin
will have a definite ring to it.
12、你是不是见过伪造的硬币?假如一枚硬币摸上去非常粘，这是伪硬币的第一个特点。你可以通过听硬币落在坚硬表面上的声音来分辨硬币。假币听起来声音发钝，而真币会发出明确的铃般的响声。
13. You don't need to look for trouble ail14 the time, but if you have reason to think a coin or bill is a counterfeit,
perhaps some of these tips will help you out.
13、你不必每天自寻麻烦去分辨真假，但，假如你有理由觉得一枚硬币或一张钞票是假的，或许这类小小的提示将会帮你。
