在英国，女人结婚以后随夫姓这个传统已延续了一千多年。然而，这一惯例到底从何而来？到了现在，结婚以后从夫姓的现象仍然很常见吗？近来，在千禧一代人中，有愈加多的男士选择夫随妇姓。
No one knows how long humans have been giving themselves names, but one thing is sure: surnames are a much more recent idea than given names. In Europe, surnames were developed to distinguish between inpiduals who had the same moniker. They were brought to the UK by the French nobility following the Norman Conquest around the 12th century and became common around the 14th century.
Another tradition that the Normans introduced was that of coverture. This was a law which said that a woman became a mans property when they got married. In those days, only a man could be the head of the family and allowed to own property. At this point the bride lost her maiden1 name. Over time, this has led to the tradition that upon marriage a woman relinquishes2 her maiden name and takes on her new husbands family name.
Fast forward to the present. These days a woman choosing not to change her name to match her husbands after marriage has long been a norm. The first recorded case is widely believed to be an American suffragette called Lucy Stone. When she got married in 1855, she refused to take her husbands name. After that, other ideas such as merging3 and double-barrelling also became common.
However, it would seem that a new trend is arising. One in ten millennial4 males is now electing to replace their surname with their wifes. Thats according to a recent study of 2000 UK adults by Opinium, a strategic insight agency. In a BBC article, Rory Dearlove ne Cook, explained that for him it wasnt important to keep his surname. He thought it would be nice for his wife and him to have the same last name. The bride, Lucy, had made it clear before getting married that she had no intention of changing hers, but thought that he would keep his too. Hes entitled to keep his just as I am entitled to keep mine, she commented.
Other men had different reasons. Charlie Shaw, dubbed5 Morley at birth, explained that it was, a gesture of allegiance and an opportunity to acknowledge the unseen patriarchal bias6 and sexism in our society. Its worth noting that, in the UK at least, only the fathers of the couple being married are on the marriage certificate. The mothers do not appear at all.
However, not everyone is in favour of altering tradition. Rachel Robnett, a researcher at the University of Nevada, surveyed a number of people in the US and UK and found that a man whose wife keeps her maiden name is viewed as feminine, while the woman was believed to wear the trousers. And when one family found out that their son was to take his wifes name, they refused to attend the wedding. To them it was proof that he was totally under the thumb.
Whats in a name? Shakespeare asked in Romeo and Juliet. It would seem, depending on who you talk to, a great deal. Whether maintaining traditional naming conventions, keeping the surname, or swapping7 names, these days at least there is a choice to be made.
