John Keats J.
济慈(1795-1821)
作者介绍:
英国19世纪浪漫主义的要紧诗人。他出生在伦敦一个马车店主之家。爸爸妈妈早丧,少年辍学。曾学医谋生,后弃医从文。
1816年发表处女作《哦,孤独》,1818年长诗《安狄米恩》出版,遭到守旧派的尖锐的评击,也遭到著名诗人拜伦和雪莱的看重与鼓励。从此,他诗情奔放,一泻千里,写出了很多脍炙人口的名篇,如长诗《伊莎贝拉》和抒情诗,《希腊古瓮颂》,《夜莺颂》,《秋颂》等,奠定了他在英国文学史上的崇高地位。是时,诗人身患肺结核,1820-1821年赴意大利旅游养病,不幸早逝,葬于罗马。死时年仅25岁。
作品赏析:
诗人开篇就抓住了秋的实质-成熟,然后他再由此展开想象,把读者的目光从湛蓝的晴空带到挂着藤蔓的屋檐,从房前的老树到成熟的田野。诗人着力描写秋季成熟的果实:紫色的葡萄,鲜红的苹果,金黄的葫芦,黑褐的榛子,随着着欢唱的蜜蜂和迟开的花朵,一幅绚丽多姿的初秋美景就鲜明生动地展示在眼前。
To Autumn
1
Season of mists and mellow1 fruitfulness,⑴
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,⑵
Conspiring2 with him ⑶how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;⑷
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell3 the gourd4, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel5; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.
2
Who hath not seen thee oft⑸ amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad⑹ may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair sort-lifted by the winnowing6 wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow7 sound asleep,⑺
Dows'd with the fume8 of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers.
And sometimes like a gleaner9 thou dost keep
Steady thy laden10 head across a brook11;
Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings ⑻hours by hours.
3
Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,⑼
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy12 hue13;
Then in a waiful choir14 the small gnats15 mourn
Among the river sallows,⑽ borne aloft⑾
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat16 from hilly bourn;⑿
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble ⒀soft
The red-breast whistles form a garden-croft;⒁
And gathering17 swallows twitter in the skies.
注解:
(1)Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness: 雾气弥漫、果实成熟丰饶的季节(指秋季)。
(2)Maturing sun:使万物成熟的太阳。
(3)him:指太阳。在这里,诗人把秋季和太阳都人格化,因此,conspiring这词的运用就颇具幽默感。
(4)bless/with fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run: 这半句的正常语序是:bless the vines that run round the thatch-eves with fruit,意为:赐福给屋檐周围的葡萄藤累累的果实。
(5)oft: 即为often(古英语词)。
(6)seeks abroad:到户外去走一走。
(7)on a half reap'd furrow sound asleep: 这个句子的前半句在2、三行,即whoever/may find/Thee sound asleep on a half reaped furrow.
(8)oozings: 徐徐滴下的果汁。
(9)barred clouds bloom the soft dying day:傍晚的天空飘动着艳丽的带状云彩。barrow带状的,条形的,the soft dying day,白昼静静地逝去,bloom,使艳丽;开花。
(10)Sallows: 柳树,柳枝。
(11)Borne alft:高飞。Borne 是bear的过去式,意为:运动,转向:aflot,高高地。
(12)And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn:意为羔羊篚了, 在山坡上大专地吁吁叫。Bourn,区域,领地。
(13)Treble:最高音。
(14)Garden-croft:宅旁的园地。
来源:《秋阳译刊》