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名人诗歌|To Autumn 《秋颂》

来源:www.vs2358.com 2025-04-11

John Keats J.

济慈(1795-1821)

作者介绍:

英国19世纪浪漫主义的要紧诗人。他出生在伦敦一个马车店主之家。爸爸妈妈早丧,少年辍学。曾学医谋生,后弃医从文。
1816年发表处女作《哦,孤独》,1818年长诗《安狄米恩》出版,遭到守旧派的尖锐的评击,也遭到著名诗人拜伦和雪莱的看重与鼓励。从此,他诗情奔放,一泻千里,写出了很多脍炙人口的名篇,如长诗《伊莎贝拉》和抒情诗,《希腊古瓮颂》,《夜莺颂》,《秋颂》等,奠定了他在英国文学史上的崇高地位。是时,诗人身患肺结核,1820-1821年赴意大利旅游养病,不幸早逝,葬于罗马。死时年仅25岁。

作品赏析:

诗人开篇就抓住了秋的实质-成熟,然后他再由此展开想象,把读者的目光从湛蓝的晴空带到挂着藤蔓的屋檐,从房前的老树到成熟的田野。诗人着力描写秋季成熟的果实:紫色的葡萄,鲜红的苹果,金黄的葫芦,黑褐的榛子,随着着欢唱的蜜蜂和迟开的花朵,一幅绚丽多姿的初秋美景就鲜明生动地展示在眼前。

To Autumn

1

Season of mists and mellow1 fruitfulness,⑴

Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,⑵

Conspiring2 with him ⑶how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;⑷

To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,

And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

To swell3 the gourd4, and plump the hazel shells

With a sweet kernel5; to set budding more,

And still more, later flowers for the bees,

Until they think warm days will never cease,

For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.

2

Who hath not seen thee oft⑸ amid thy store?

Sometimes whoever seeks abroad⑹ may find

Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

Thy hair sort-lifted by the winnowing6 wind;

Or on a half-reap'd furrow7 sound asleep,⑺

Dows'd with the fume8 of poppies, while thy hook

Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers.

And sometimes like a gleaner9 thou dost keep

Steady thy laden10 head across a brook11;

Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,

Thou watchest the last oozings ⑻hours by hours.

3

Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?

Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,

While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,⑼

And touch the stubble-plains with rosy12 hue13;

Then in a waiful choir14 the small gnats15 mourn

Among the river sallows,⑽ borne aloft⑾

Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;

And full-grown lambs loud bleat16 from hilly bourn;⑿

Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble ⒀soft

The red-breast whistles form a garden-croft;⒁

And gathering17 swallows twitter in the skies.

注解:

(1)Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness: 雾气弥漫、果实成熟丰饶的季节(指秋季)。

(2)Maturing sun:使万物成熟的太阳。

(3)him:指太阳。在这里,诗人把秋季和太阳都人格化,因此,conspiring这词的运用就颇具幽默感。

(4)bless/with fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run: 这半句的正常语序是:bless the vines that run round the thatch-eves with fruit,意为:赐福给屋檐周围的葡萄藤累累的果实。

(5)oft: 即为often(古英语词)。

(6)seeks abroad:到户外去走一走。

(7)on a half reap'd furrow sound asleep: 这个句子的前半句在2、三行,即whoever/may find/Thee sound asleep on a half reaped furrow.

(8)oozings: 徐徐滴下的果汁。

(9)barred clouds bloom the soft dying day:傍晚的天空飘动着艳丽的带状云彩。barrow带状的,条形的,the soft dying day,白昼静静地逝去,bloom,使艳丽;开花。

(10)Sallows: 柳树,柳枝。

(11)Borne alft:高飞。Borne 是bear的过去式,意为:运动,转向:aflot,高高地。

(12)And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn:意为羔羊篚了, 在山坡上大专地吁吁叫。Bourn,区域,领地。

(13)Treble:最高音。

(14)Garden-croft:宅旁的园地。

来源:《秋阳译刊》


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